Rīfigrñ ɖ 50z fīčrz wrc bî Jôn Ŕdli, Šīla Fel, Īva Francfrtr, Yôzef Hrmn n L S Lâri.
Ɖs xibišn xaminz ɖ wrc v fîv fiğṛtv ātists wrcñ in Britn in ɖ 1950z, hu č hd a stroñ îdntificešn wɖ ɖ plês in ẇč ɖe čoz t liv n wrc n ẇč fwmd, fr a significnt pāt v ɖer c̣rirz, ɖ prîmri fôc̣s v ɖer practis.
Č ātist wz asošietd wɖ a ptklr plês: Ŕdli – Tânhed in Glazgo; Fel, ɖ mainñcmyṇti n landscep v hr nêtv Aspetria, Cumbria; Francfrtr – Lundn’z Īst End n its multīculčṛl wrcñclas cmyṇtiz; Hrmn – Ustradgunlîs in Sâʈ Wêlz wɖ its indijṇs mainñcmyṇti; n Lâri – hiz hômtân v Mančestr n its industrı̣l, multīpīpld sitīscep.
Ɖs xibišn lncs ɖz fîv ātists bî uncuvrñ a netwrc v rlešnšps, bʈ prsnl n pṛfešnl, n ɖr šerd xpḷrešn v ptklr ātistc cnsrnz n mtīfs. Ɖs xibišn z wn v ɖ âtcumz v ɖ Īva Francfrtr Rsrč n Kṛtwrı̣l Felôšp fr ɖ Studi v Emigre Ātists.
(1921–63)
Ātist Jôn Ŕdli wz born in 1921. Š studid at ɖ Glazgo Scūl v Āt n livd in Glazgo’z Tânhed ẹria ẇr š hd a stydio. Š olso spent tîm livñ n wrcñ at Caṭlîn, a sml vilij sâʈ v Aḅdīn on ɖ īst côst v Scotḷnd, pêntñ landsceps n sìscêps. Jôn Ŕdli dîd in 1963.
(1931–79)
Ātist Šīla Fel wz born in 1931 in Aspetria, Cumḅḷnd (nâ Cumbria), in an ẹria asošietd wɖ agriculčr n colmainñ.
Hr faɖr Jon (Jac) wz a mainer n hr muɖr Án a sīmstṛs. Šīla went t Cālîl Scūl v Āt n St Mātin’z Scūl v Āt, Lundn, fṛm 1949–51. Felo stydnts includd Franc Ârbah n Lion Kosof.
Ɖ gaḷrist Heḷn Lesor, hu ran ɖ Bôzar Gaḷri in Lundn, sw hr wrc in 1955 n ofrd Fel ɖ frst v a siriz v sôlo xibišnz.
At ɖ frst, L.S. Lâri bwt ʈri wrcs n went on t bcm hr lîfloñ frend n pêtṛn. Š lêtr sed in an inṭvy Wɖt ɖ frendšp v L. S. Lâri mî lîf wd hv bn infinitli purr. Mč v hr wrc fôc̣st on ɖ landscep v nwʈ Cumḅḷnd.
Fel travld t Grìs on a Bwaz scolršp in 1958 n hd a secnd xibišn at ɖ Bôzar Gaḷri. Š bgan tīčñ at ɖ Čelsi Scūl v Āt.
In 1957 Fel hd a bêbi grl, Ana. An xibišn in Cocrmâʈ in 1961 wz folod bî a šo at Midlzbra Ātgaḷri in 1962, n Mẹrīpwt Edycešnl Sentr in 1964.
In 1965 š bgan xibitñ at ɖ Royl Acaḍmi bsdz holdñ xibišnz at Aḅt Hwl, Cendl, n in Līdz. In 1966 ɖr wz a šo v hr wrc at Hamsted Ny Ātgaḷri, n ɖ brwdcastr Melvin Brag md a teḷvižnfilm abt hr.
In 1970 š rsīvd an Ostin Abi awōd n in 1974 š wz ilctd Royl Acaḍmišn. Hr wrc wz includd in Britiš pêntñ, 1952–77 at ɖ Royl Acaḍmi in 1976. Hr last xibišn wz in 1979 at ɖ Ny Graftn Gaḷri, Lundn.
Š dîd at hom on 15 Dsembr 1979 folowñ a fwl. In 1990 ɖ Sâʈbanc Sentr in Lundn šôd a turñ xibišn fīčrñ sevntīsix pêntñz bî ɖ ātist, mostli landsceps n pwtrits v rṛl nwʈ Cumbria.
(1930-1959)
Ātist Īva Francfrtr wz born intu a culčrd n asimiletd Juiš famli in Brlin in 1930. Folowñ ɖ rîz v ɖ Natsiz in Jrṃni, š iscept t Lundn wɖ hr famli in 1939.
Btwn 1946 n 1951 š studid at St Mātin’z Scūl v Āt in Lundn, ẇr hr felo stydnts includd Lion Cosof n Franc Ârbah, hu rcwld Francfrtr’z cntemt fr pṛfešnl trics or glos n hr wrc az fl v fīlñ fr ppl.
West Indịn, Îriš, Siprı̣t n Pacistani imigṛnts, Ñgliš hūm ɖ Welferstêt hd pást bî, ɖz wr ɖ ppl amñst hūm I livd n md sm v mî bst frendz. Mî colīgz n tīčrz wr pêntrz cnsrnd wɖ fwm n culr, ẇl t m ɖz wr onli mīnz t an end, ɖ undrstandñ v n comentñ on ppl.
Īva Francfrtr
Fr ɖ nxt six yirz, š ŕnd hr livñ wrcñ ɖ īvnñšift az a cântrhand at Laynz Cwnrhâs n, lêtr, in a šŭgŗfînri, līvñ hrslf fri t pênt jrñ ɖ de.
Diṣfctd wɖ ɖ Lundn ātsìn, aftr grajuetñ, š mūvd t Ẇîtčapl in Lundn’z Īst End, ɖ hom fr svṛl jeṇrešnz v sxesv wevz v mîgṛnt cmyṇtiz.
Inspîrd bî ātists az dvrs az Rembrant, Cêta Colvits n Picaso, š tc az hr subjct ɖ eʈnicli dvrs, ljli imigṛnt popylešn amñ hūm š livd n wrct.
Hr studiz v ɖ ny cmyṇtiz v West Indı̣nz, Siprı̣ts n Pacistaniz, pwtred bʈ at wrc n at rest, wɖ emṗʈi n digṇti, r hr grtst ačivmnt.
Btwn 1948 n 1958 Francfrtr olso travld xtnsvli in Yṛp, raitñ lîvli n pseptv letrz hom abt ɖ āt n ppl š incântrd. In hr last yir š spent êt munʈs livñ n wrcñ in Izrêl, rtrnñ t Lundn in Octobr 1958.
Ʈri munʈs lêtr, sufrñ fṛm dprešn, š tc hr ôn lîf at ɖ êj v twentiêt. Dspt ɖ brevti v hr ātistc c̣rir, š left bhnd an impwtnt bodi v wrc bêst, abv ol, on cmpašn fr ɖ digṇti v ōdnri wrcñpīpl v ol rêsz n cmyṇtiz.
Jrñ hr lîftîm Francfrtr avýdd ɖ ātistablišmnt bt xibitd reğlrli in lôcl grūpšoz at ɖ Ẇîtčapl Ātgaḷri n ɖ Beʈnl Grīn Myziym.
Hr wrc hz olso bn xibitd posčṃsli in Lundn, Lestr, Cêmbrij, Bedfd n Brlin n z in c̣leẋnz includñ Ben Uri, Ɖ Lundn Juiš Myziym v Āt n Cembrij, az wel az a nmbr v prîvt c̣leẋnz.
(1911-2000)
Figrpêntr n draftsmn, Yôzef Hrmn wz born in Wōsw in 1911. H studid at Wōsw Scūl v Āt n Dec̣rešn (1930–31) n frst xibitd in Wōsw in 1932.
H istablišt a lîfloñ intrest in pwtreyñ wrcñpīpl, côfândñ ɖ leftwñ ātistc group, ɖ Frijı̣n Bonit.
Bruslz n Glazgo
H left Pôḷnd fr Bruslz in 1938 n arîvd in Glazgo in 1940, ẇr h met felo ātist Yancl Adlr. Btwn 1940 n 1943 h cntribytd t a rmāc̣bl wortîm ātistc rnesns in ɖ siti.
In 1942 Hrmn lrnd ʈru ɖ Red Cros ɖt hiz intîr famli hd perišt in ɖ Wōsw Geto. Olɖo h hd olrdi bgun ɖ pârfl bodi v wrc on Juiš ʈīmz, ɖs nâ dācnd t includ wrcs sṗsificli refṛnsñ pogromz.
Lundn
In 1943 h muvd t Lundn, brññ ɖ siriz t a cloz, holdñ hiz frst Lundn xibišn wɖ L. S. Lâri.
Ustradgunlîs
In 1944, aftr a čans vizit t ɖ Welš mainñvilij v Ustradgunlîs, Hrmn xpirı̣nst an ātistc ipif̣ni, n md hiz hom amñ ɖs clôsnit, hādwrcñ cmyṇti fr ɖ nxt ilevn yirz. Hiz wrc wz includd in ɖ Sâʈbanc Festivl v Britn Xibišn.
Xibišnz
Hrmn xibitd wîdli includñ Lfevra (wɖ L. S. Lâri, 1943), Rôḷnd, Brâs n Delbanco (1946, 1948, 1952, ɖen reğlrli untl 1975), Ben Uri (wɖ Mātin Bloh, 1949), Jefri Myziym (wɖ Henri Mur, 1954), Ẇîtčapl (1956), Camdn Ātșentr (1980), Našnl Myziym v Wêlz, Cādif (1989), Aḅt Hwl, Cendl (2005), n mni xibišnz wɖ Flârz n Flârz Īst Gaḷriz.
Hiz wrc z reprizntd in mni c̣leẋnz includñ Lundn (Têt, VnA), Wêlz (Našnl Myziym), Scotḷnd (Scotiš Našnl Gaḷri v Modn Āt), az wel az in Caṇda, Ostrelia, Isrel, Sâʈ Africa n Ny Zīland.
Yôzef Hrmn dîd in 2000.
(1887-1976)
Lâri bgan hiz edycešn in 1895 at Victoria Pāc Scūl in Rušm, Mančestr. Ẇn h wz fiftīn ɖr wr hītd famliāğmnts abt ẇt c̣rir h šd folo. Sns čîldhd h hd bn intrestd onli in drōñ, n wntd t cntiny. Ɖs dstrest hiz muɖr, hu cnsidrd it a ysls psyt n bnʈ hiz stêšn in lîf. Ɖ âtcum wz a compṛmîz.
In 1904 h bgan wrc wɖ a Mančestr frm v acântnts, n in 1905 h stātd t atend īvnñclasz at ɖ Mančestr Mynisipl Scūl v Āt. Hiz tīčr, Adolf Valet, a Frenčmn, wz an xponnt v ɖ pôstimpreṣ̌nist stîl. H xrtd a pṛfând inflụns upn ɖ yuñ ātist, bî tīčñ hm ɖ impwtns v drōñ n obzrvñ atṃsferic ifcts. H olso demnstretd t hm ɖt biyñ an ātist wz nt jst a job bt a hîli pṛfešnl cwlñ.
In 1910 Lâri bcem a rentc̣lctr n clāc wɖ ɖ Pal Mal Proṗtīcumṗni in Mančestr, in huz implŷ h wz t rmen untl hiz rtîrmnt on fl penšn in 1952, bî ẇč tîm h hd rizn t ɖ ranc v čīf cašir. Ɖ fact ɖt fr olmst fifti yirz h wz in a nîn-t-fîv job wz ɖ most clôsli gādd sīcṛt v hiz lîf, fr ɖ gd rīzn ɖt h hd a horr v biyñ ʈt v az a Súndêpêntr. H lîd t Sr Jon Roʈnstîn, ɖen drctr v ɖ Têt Gaḷri, Lundn, clemñ ɖt h hd nvr hd t wrc fr hiz livñ bcz hiz muɖr hd left hm an ampl inheritns. Nt untl aftr hiz deʈ in 1976 wz ɖ truʈ md public.
Aftr ten yirz az a stydnt at Mančestr, Lâri bgan atndñ īvnñclasz at ɖ Swlfd Scūl v Āt at ɖ Royl Tecnicl Colij, ẇr h rmend fr a frɖr fîv yirz. It wz abt ɖs tîm (c.1915) ɖt h dscuvrd ɖ industrı̣l sìn. Wn de h míst a trên fṛm Pendlbri, n az h left ɖ stêšn h sw ɖ Acmi Spinñcumṗni’z mil… h xpirı̣nst an ŕʈli iqivlnt v sm transndntl revlešn’, wz hâ Sr Jon Roʈnstîn dscrîbd it in Modn Ñgliš Pêntrz, bêst on hiz dscušnz wɖ ɖ ātist. Ɖs wz olmst srtnli a lî tù, or rɖr a dṛmatc ovrsimplificešn. Lâri tendd t lt hiz inṭvywrz ḅliv ẇt ɖe wntd t ḅliv n Roʈnstîn wz intrestd ptklrli in ɖ spiričl inspirešn v āt. H confîdd t clôs frendz ɖt h ofn fând hmslf lcñ at a sìn az f h wr an âtsîdr, cut of fṛm it. Ɖ hî vypýnts fṛm ẇč hiz picčrz r sīn rflct ɖz ât-v-bodi xpirı̣nsz. Lâri ocežnli md ʈumnêl scečz v sìnz h hd witṇst on hiz rndz az a rentc̣lctr, bt ɖz wr rerli f evr yzd litṛli. Hiz pêntñz r, rɖr, an imajiṇtv rīcriešn v ɖ industrı̣l sìn, md at nît, aftr supr. H ofn wrct untl 2 a.m., olwz bî ātifišl lît. It z rmāc̣bl ɖt h pṛdyst sč a hyj bodi v wrc.
Lâri’z public repytešn az an ātist bgan in 1930, ẇn ɖ Mančestr Siti Ātgaḷri prčist An Axidnt (1926). In 1934 h wz ilctd t ɖ Royl Ssayti v Britiš Ātists. Bt ɖ mêjr ivnt v hiz lîf wz ɖ čans dscuvri v hiz wrc bî ɖ ātdīlr A. J. McNīl Rīd v ɖ Lfevra Gaḷri, Lundn, hu in 1938 nôtist sm v ɖ ātist’s pêntñz on ɖ premisz v Jêmz Burle n Sunz, picčrfremrz. Rīd instntli recgnîzd ɖ impwtns v ɖs wrc n in 1939 gev Lâri hiz frst wn-man xibišn. In 1948 h muvd t Ɖ Elmz, ɖ blīc hâs at Motṛm in Loñdndêl, Češr, ẇr h livd untl hiz deʈ. H wz awōdd an onrri MA (1945) n LLD (1961) bî Mančestr Ynivrṣti. H wz ilctd an ARA in 1955 n an RA in 1962. In 1965 h rsivd ɖ frīdm v ɖ siti v Swlfd, n in 1967 ɖ Jenṛl Pôstofis išud a stamp rīpṛdysñ wn v hiz industrı̣l sìnz. In 1975 ɖ ynivrṣtiz v Swlfd n Livpul cnfrd upn hm ɖ onrri dgri v DLit. Lâri wz an xentric in ɖ grand tṛdišn. Twl in bild, h cerd nʈñ fr apirnsz, n in ɖ 1970z frīqntli wōr ɖ macintoš n cap in ẇč h hd pêntd hiz seḷbretd Slfpwtrit v 1925 (Swlfd Ātgaḷri).”
