Tag Archives: first past the post

In Ñspel: The Guardian view on proportional representation: Labour should back it

‘Voters will probably need to vote tactically to ensure that Keir Starmer’s Labour party stands a chance of winning power.’ Photograph: House of Commons/PA
‘Votrz wl probbli nīd t vot tacticli t enśur ɖt Cir Starmr’z Lebr parti standz a ćans v winñ pǎr.’ Foṭgraf: Hǎs v Comnz/PA

Ɖ Gardịn vy on pṛporśnl repriznteśn: Lebr śd bac it

(Transcription of a Guardian editorial of 9 Dec. 2022)

Hǎs v Lordz rform z a nesṣri, bt nt a sfiśnt consttyśnl ćenj t mnd Britn’z brocn poḷtics

Frîde 9 Dsmbr 2022

Munde marcs ɖ ʈrd aṇvrsri v ɖ jenṛl ilex́n ɖt dlivrd ɖ larjist Cnsrṿtiv parḷmntri mjoṛti sins Marġrit Ʈaćr’z. Lebr, mnẃl, dropt t its wrst rzult sins ɖ 1930z. Guvnmnts r ʈroun ǎt ẃn votrz wont a freś start. Ẃt wz unyźl in 2019 wz ɖt votrz gev ɖ Toriz ɖ tasc v rvrsñ Tori poḷsiz. Ɖt phps xplenz ẃ Riśi Sūnac hedz a guvnmnt ɖt rzmblz an opziśn in ofis, pitñ itslf agnst ax́nz v its prīdisesrz.

Ɖs paṛdox hîlîts hǎ clos ɖ tū-parti p’liticl sistm z t brecñpônt. Ppl hu votd Cnsrṿtiv at ɖ last ilex́n nǒ ɖe hv bn hd. Instd v gtñ a guvnmnt ɖt wl fix ɖ icoṇmi n ɖ NHS, ɖz votrz hv faund ɖmslvz wɖ ministrz hu r recñ ɖm. Ɖs hz léd t a wîdspred fīlñ v siṇsizm. Poulñ fr ɖ Cumṗs ʈnctanc śoz ɖt īvn f Lebr rplesz ɖ Cnsrṿtivz at ɖ nxt ilex́n, ɖ mjoṛti v votrz ʈnc ɖ p’liticl sistm z inceṗbl v mītñ ɖ big ćaḷnjz v ǎr tîm – sć az clîṃt, wlʈ iniqoḷti n hǎzñ.

Ɖs dsper hz its rūts in ɖ ilectṛl sistm. T si ẃ, cnsidr ɖ vxt iśu v iṃgreśn. Opińnpoulz śo ɖt haf v ɖ adult popyleśn nǎ se ɖt imigṛnts inrić ssayti. Bt bcz most v ɖ pro-iṃgreśn vots r pîld p in 25% v parḷmntri cnstitẏnsiz, n ɖ antīiṃgreśn vot z spred īvnli ovr ɖ uɖr 75%, poḷtics acts az a drag ancr on progres.

Ẃt nīdz t ćenj z ɖ dstortñ frst-past-ɖ-post votñsistm. In Britn, sīts wún at a jenṛl ilex́n r nt śerd ǎt pṛporśṇli btwn ɖ partiz. Bt nɖr v ɖ mn p’liticl partiz bacs a fẹrr mec̣nizm ɖt maćz sīts t vots. Bʈ beṇfit bî disinfranćîzñ ppl hu bac smōl partiz. Dfndrz v ɖ cuṛnt sistm se ɖt it gvz votrz tū brōd partiz t ćūz btwn, n dlivrz dyṛbl, stroñ guvnmnts rɖr ɖn śeci multiparti wnz. Yt Mr Sūnac z Britn’z fifʈ Cnsrṿtiv prîm̦inistr in six yirz.

Ɖ Libṛl Deṃcrats, n ɖer Libṛl fōrberz, hv cnsistntli fevrd ɖ adopśn v pṛporśnl repriznteśn; ɖ Cnsrṿtivz hv cnsistntli opozd eni rform; n ɖ Lebr parti hz bn cnsistntli dvîdd on ɖ iśu. Lebr z nǎ proṃsñ Hǎs v Lordz rform. Ɖs z a nesṣri bt nt a sfiśnt consttyśnl ćenj t mnd Britn’z brocn poḷtics. Sr Éd Dêvi, ɖ Libṛl Deṃcrat līdr, wz rît t se in a spīć last munʈ ɖt ɖ cuṛnt ilectṛl sistm “fylz ɖ disiluźnmnt ɖt fīdz xtrimizm. Pṛporśnl repriznteśn cn hlp tacl it … [Lebr’z] Lordz rform wɖt Comnz rform z lîc ćenjñ ɖ tairz ẃn ɖ car’z on fîr.”

Lebr siz ilectṛl rform az at bst a dstrax́n. Yt ɖ cuṛnt sistm z stact agnst it. Sr Cir Starmr stl nīdz t rten evri sīt hiz parti holdz tde, n gt a bigr swñ ɖn îɖr 1945 or 1997, t gen an unpresdntd 120 sīts fr a wn-sīt mjoṛti at ɖ nxt ilex́n. Sr Cir’z pouļīd z śrincñ. Votrz wl probbli nīd t vot tacticli t enśur ɖt Lebr standz a ćans v winñ pǎr n ɖt pṛgresiv partiz, sć az ɖ Lib Démz n ɖ Grīnz, d’nt gt sqizd ǎt.

Britn hz nvr bn asośietd wɖ jst wn we v votñ. Pṛporśnl repriznteśn hz pṛdyst mor sośl-deṃcratic poḷtics in Wêlz n Scotḷnd. It cd olso b a paʈwe fr xtrimist poḷtics – az hz hapnd in Yṛp. Bt a difṛnt YC ilectṛl sistm wd injndr cooṗreśn btwn partiz n a mor pluṛlistic p’liticl culćr, az wel az endñ ɖ daṃjñ Wsminstr obseśn ovr marjinl votrz. Fr ɖ cuntri’z sec, it’s tîm t ćenj a votñsistm bilt fr ɖ beṇfit v ɖ tū mn partiz.

Instroduction to Ñspel

"House by the Railroad," Edward Hopper, 1925

Fṛm Đ Gardịn │ As events in the US have shown, two-party politics is no longer fit for purpose

Donald Trump and Joe Biden. Photograph: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images
Doṇld Trump n Jo Bîdn. Foṭgraf: Jim Wotsn/AFP/Geti Iṃjz

Az ivnts in ɖ YS hv śoun, tū-parti poḷtics z no longr fit fr prṗs

(Transcription of a Guardian article of 16 February 2021)

Lrćñ fṛm Obama t Trump t Bîdn, ɖ sistm dnîz cọliśnz v compṛmîz. N in ɖ YC, ć parti z rivn wɖ conflict

Poli Tônbi, 16 Febrri 2021

Ɖ  wn ivnt mor ǎtrejs ɖn a mob stormñ ɖ Cápitl wz ɖ specṭcl v 43 Rpublicn seṇtrz indorsñ ɖ atmtd cù n its insṭgetr. Bî rfyzñ t impīć Doṇld Trump, ɖe left ol uɖr dmocṛsiz agast, dlîtñ ōṭcrats evrẃr.

“Ɖs sad ćaptr in ǎr hisṭri hz rmîndd s ɖt dmocṛsi z frajîl,” sd Jo Bîdn. Frajîl indd, ẃn ɖ rstẃl līdrz v ɖ deṃcratic wrld rfyz t dfnd dmocṛsi’z frst prínsipl, ɖ trnziśn v pǎr bî luzr’z cnsnt. Ẃ boɖr lowrñ America’z fǎndeśn dokmnts nîtli intu a ńclir bomprūf śltr bnʈ ɖ Naśnl Arcîvz, ẃn ɖe r ript p bî Congres in brōd dêlît?

Ɖ riyl cù hapnd ẃn ɖ Rpublicn parti wz capćrd bî Trump, ʈrowñ moḍrets undr hiz ćarịtẃīlz. Ẃt sevd him fṛm impićmnt wz hiz yeld-ǎt wornñ t Rpublicnz at hiz “Sev America” rali: “F ɖe d’nt fît, w hv t prîṃri ɖ hel ǎt v [ɖm],” h sd. “W’r gwñ t let y nǒ hu ɖe r.” H tld hiz mob: “Y’r gwñ t start wrcñ on Congres n w got t gt rid v ɖ wìc congres-ppl, ɖ wnz ɖt r’nt eni gd, ɖ Liz Ćeniz v ɖ wrld. W got t gt rid v ɖm.”

Ɖ sevn Rpublicn seṇtrz hu derd t vot t impīć hv cm undr atac fṛm ɖer locl partiz, tū v ɖm anǎnsñ ɖe r standñ dǎn, n ɖ 10 Hǎs Rpublicnz hu std agnst him olrdi fes Trumpîts trayñ t unsīt ɖm. Doṇld Trump Jr. hz twītd: “Let’s impīć RINOz [Rpublicnz In Nem Onli] fṛm ɖ Rpublicn parti!!!”

Fir v dīṣlx́n z a dspicbl rīzn fr felñ t puniś a cù. Sm r jenyin Trump fnatics bt mni r jst sevñ ɖer jobz.

Wsminstr, lîc Wośñtn, sufrz wîdspred “dren ɖ swomp” votrsiṇsizm abt ilectd repriznttivz; on dorsteps y hír it ol ɖ tîm: “Ɖ’r ol ɖ sem, onli in it fr ɖmslvz.”

Rpublicnz r left t fît ǎt ɖer fyćr lîc rats trapt in a sác. Bt wns a parti z capćrd bî xtrimists, it’s hard t pl it bac t ilectbiḷti: Trump hz nvr wún ɖ popylr vot, h wz nirli 3m vots bhnd Hiḷri Clintn in 2016. In a tū-parti frst-past-ɖ-post ilectṛl sistm (FPĐP), capćrñ a parti z ɖ onli we t ćenj poḷtics: FPĐP’z ayn ilectṛl lw barz ny partiz imrjñ t riact t ny srcmstansz. Ɖ wòrn-ǎt dfns v FPĐP z ɖt it criets “stbiḷti”: ɖt’s nt hǎ ɖ YS fīlz, lrćñ fṛm Baṛc Obama t Trump t Bîdn, ɖ sistm dnayñ cọliśnz v compṛmîz. Bʈ cuntriz’ dmocṛsiz r feld bî ɖer arcêic votñsistmz.

In ɖ YC, loñ ago, ɖ Tori parti wz capćrd bî Brextrīmists, az fr yirz tîni locl partiz v mostli old ẃît men s’lectd onli Yrofobz. Cén Clārc n Mîcl Hesltîn wr prjd, alñ wɖ uɖr prominnt anti-Brexitrz. Eni “moḍrets” ɖt rmend cevd t Boris Jonsn’z stoncñ 80-sīt mjoṛti, wún partli bcz ǎr dyoṗli ofrd onli Jeṛmi Corbin az oltrṇtiv prîm̦inistr. Ɖo I n ɖ Gardịn bact Corbin az betr ɖn ɖ rog Jonsn, ɖ ćôs wz a deṃcratic ǎtrej. Aftr a craśñ dfit, Lebr trnd pragmatic, ćuzñ an ilectbl līdr, bt it z stl rivn btwn leftists hu jônd fr Corbin n ɖoz hu rjônd fr Cir Starmr, mcñ s’lex́nz fr locl ofis or MP a fmiłr tug v wor.

Ć parti’s frajîl cọliśn z destind t stradl a cuntri dvîdd acrs ńmṛs p’liticl fōltlînz. Jonsn’z ny red-wōl sīts dmand hî norɖn spendñ, opozd bî tṛdiśnl smōl-stet lo-taxrz v hiz suɖn śîrz n subrbz. Jonsn swivlz btwn rbełs anti-locdǎn libterịnz n mor cōśs red wōlrz n old focs: woć ɖ ōtm spendñ rvy fors dfînñ ćôsz. Lebr z struc dum on Brexit’s mni c’lamiṭs rzults, bcz its ŕbn, ynvrṣtitǎn, eʈnic mnoṛti n yuñ bes z irecnsîḷbl wɖ ɖoz norɖn Brexit sīts Lebr imajinz it cn rgen. Nvr hz ǎr ilectṛl sistm lct les ebl t rflect votrz’ vyz.

Starmr z suṃnñ a consttyśnl rvy, so far foc̣st on dīṿluśn n fedṛlizm, in ɖ ven hop v spîcñ ɖ Scotiś Naśnl parti (SNP). It nīdz t pt ilectṛl rform at ɖ fōrfrunt. A yir ago, Starmr sd: “W’v got t adres ɖ fact ɖt miłnz v ppl vot in sef sīts n ɖe fīl ɖer vot dz’nt cǎnt. Ɖt’s got t b adrest. W wl nvr gt fl ptiṣpeśn in ǎr ilectṛl sistm untl w d ɖt at evri levl.” Indd, siṇsizm z bréd fṛm ppl fīlñ ɖer vot w’nt afct an ilex́n’z ǎtcm.

Fy xpct Lebr t win ɖ nesṣri 124 sīts nxt tîm, plus bǎnḍrićenjz wl gift ɖ Tōriz 10 mor. An alayns z ɖ onli rùt, so forj a páct nǎ, az advcetd bî Cumṗs, wɖ Libṛl Deṃcrats, Grīnz n, yes, ɖ SNP, sìld bî a plej on ilectṛl rform. In 2019, mor ppl votd left v sntr ɖn Tori.

A pṛporśnl sistm wd alǎ bʈ mizṛbl old partiz t dvors. Instd v holdñ nozz t vot fr ɖ līst wrst, votrz on ɖ rît cd ćūz btwn pro-Yṛpiyn Mcmiḷnîts or ɖ Boris-Gov wrld v Brexit dīreğleśnfanṭsi. It’s hî tîm votrz on ɖ left wr rlist fṛm Lebr’z dsfuñśnl forst marij, fri t ćūz btwn an oʈntic soṣ́list parti n a sośl deṃcratic parti (ɖo ɖe wd stl hv t wrc tgɖr).

No ilectṛl sistm dvîzd bî ɖ crŭcid timbr v hymaṇti solvz ol probḷmz. Bt a fyćr v cọliśnz wd si ɖ pǎr v fax́nz wɖn a rūlñguvnmnt dfînd trnspaṛntli bî ilectṛl vots. It wd mīn no mor xtrim fax́nz amḅśñ s’lex́nprosesz wɖn partiz, v ɖ cnd ɖt caud Rpublicnz ovr impićmnt. Brecñ ɖ tū-parti stretjacit opnz p ɖ plŭṛlizm ɖt z wn v mni tsts in ɖ Icoṇmist Intelijns Ynit’s globl dmocṛsi indx. In 2020, it rports, onli 8.4% v ɖ wrld’z ppl livd undr a fŭli-fuñṣ́nñ dmocṛsi – frajîl indd.

Poli Tônbi z a Gardịn coḷmnist

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Instroduction to Ñspel